Electronics

 FTDI- USB to UART Designed in KiCad, FTDI breakout board. USB to UART. I've compromised in usb differential pairs, it was very difficult to route it keeping other traces shorter, hence instead of differential pair routing, I've route one after one. (I think, the board would need little optimisation) However, this should NOT make difference in this application. [In case of high speed PCBs like Ethernet, HDMI, LVDS, RF, etc. there would be significant difference.] My Learning 1) The rise time decides whether systems are high speed or low signals and NOT the frequency. 2) If you have no FTDI breakout board to program your uC (say Atmel chips), don't worry!!! Using arduino uno board you can do it. 3) The teardrop trace is good for high speed signals and the trace should be from the centre of the pads. 4) The metal connection at the surface of the multi-layer board reduce edge-fired emission, as such system creates fringing fields on outer edges.

                                                            [The above schematics is designed in Raspberry pi using KiCad, in headless mode via ssh connection.] Below is my first PCB design in KiCad an opensource EDA. Learning points so far--- Decoupling Caps must be connected very tightly, they are small power source they filter out any noise present in dc supply also give current to the system when suddenly power on. All the sensitive components(inductor,crystal,decoupling caps,etc) must be routed first. The feedback line must be placed in such a way that there is no interface from magnetic elements like inductors(in case of SMPS). Trace widths are vitals for current flow, pay additional attention while designing PCB. Importing footprints of components i.e., CAD or EDA model from manufacturer (.stp file). For high speed PCBs impedance ma...